考研英语二阅览精读分析疫情构成的经济损害
01
文章条理分析
引出论题：
我们对疫情构成的经济损害猜测情绪不一样（para. 1）↓
预判方针之一（银行的告贷丢掉预备金）6 月份较好（para. 2）↓
与之前（4 月）比较，是个显着改变（para. 3）↓
银行预判情绪变旷达的缘由（para. 4）↓
但还不能完全放松（para. 5）↓
许多告贷有可以将变成坏账，致使预备金前进（para. 6）↓
告贷丢掉预备金增高可以有三个成果（para. 7）
02
原文精读分析
why bank bosses aresoundingmore optimistic about expected loan losses
为啥银行老板如同对预期告贷丢掉更旷达
【para.1】
gauginghow badly the coronavirus has damaged the economy is tricky. pessimistsdiagnosea far worse recession than that which followed the financial crisis. optimists predict a sharp recovery, pointing torobustbanks and housing markets.
衡量冠状病毒对经济的损害有多严峻，是件扎手的作业。绝望主义者断定这将是一场严峻的经济衰退，比金融危机致使的那次经济衰交还要严峻。而旷达者则根据体现微弱的银行和房地产商场，猜测经济将会快速复苏。
sound v. if something or someone sounds good, bad, strange etc, that is how they seem to you when you hear about them or read about them 听起来，看起来，如同这句话没有依照正常的疑问句语序，标题中常常会这样。可以了解成作者给读者提出疑问：do you know why bank bosses are sounding more optimistic about expected loan losses?gauge v. to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do 断定，判别〔我们的情感或意图〕: [+ whether / what / how etc ]it is difficult to gauge what the other party's next move will be.很难断定对方下一步要做啥。diagnose v. identify the nature of the medical condition or the problem 断定为/确诊为 the doctor diagnosed the illness as pneumonia.医生确诊此病为肺炎。本句规划 ：pessimists 主 diagnose 谓 a far worse recession 宾语 than that (比照状语，=than the recession) （which followed the financial crisis）定从，润饰 that.robust a. a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems〔体系、组织等〕健壮的，安靖的the formerly robust economy has begun to weaken.正本微弱的经济初步衰退。 本句中的 pointing to…是如今分词做伴随，意思是旷达主义者猜测的时分指出了/说到了体现微弱的银行和房地产商场，也就说，旷达者是根据体现微弱的银行和房地产商场而做出猜测的。
【para.2】
one way to form a view is to look at banks’loan-lossprovisions—the buffers they set aside to cover losses from loans they reckon might soondefault. by that standard it seems as if the patient is recovering much faster than first thought possible. on june 9th james gorman, who runs morgan stanley, america’s sixth-largest bank, hinted that its loan-loss charges for the second quarter would be lower than in the first, because “the worst is behind us”. gordon smith, co-president of jpmorgan chase, the largest bank, said that delinquencyrates were “meaningfullybetter” than expected. even some of europe’s bankers seem less gloomy.
做出判另外一种办法就是查看银行的告贷丢掉预备金——银行为加添他们认为可以很快会违约的告贷丢掉而预留的缓冲资金。依照这个标准，如同患者（即遭受疫情重创的经济）恢复得比开始愿望的要快得多。6 月 9 日，掌管美国第六大银行摩根士丹利的詹姆斯·戈尔曼暗示其第二季度的告贷丢掉费用将低于第一季度，因为“最坏的现已曩昔”。最大的银行摩根大通的联合总裁戈登·史密斯说，债款拖欠率比预期的“显着非常好”。甚至一些欧洲银行家如同也不那么绝望。
loan-loss provision np. 告贷丢掉预备金，即预留的用于唐塞告贷客户违约致使坏账的金钱default v. to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time 违约，拖欠delinquency n. a failure to pay an outstanding debt by the due date.拖欠债款meaningfully adv. having a recognizable function in a logical language or other sign system.〔逻辑上〕有意义的， 〔计算学上〕有显着意义的
【para.3】
that is astarkchange from just a few weeks ago. in mid-april, as they reported their first-quarter results, america’s top fourlendersunveiled $24.1bn in provisions for credit losses, a jump of $18.7bn compared with the first quarter of 2021. jpmorgan increased its provision by nearly $6.9bn, hitting in one quarter the level it had reached in six during the financial crisis. europe’s lenders alsobookedbad news.
与几周前比较，这是一个显着的改变。4 月中旬，在陈述第一季度成果时，美国四大银行发布了 241 亿美元的信贷丢掉预备金，比 2021 年第一季度添加了 187 亿美元。摩根大通将其预备金添加了近 69 亿美元，在一个季度内抵达了金融危机时刻的 6 个季度的水平。欧洲的银行也陈述了坏消息。
stark a. unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid明摆着的 the extreme poverty of the local people is in stark contrast to the wealth of the tourists.当地居民的极度贫穷和游客的殷实构成了显着的比照。lender n. a person or organization that lends money to people on condition that they pay it back 放款人，贷方，银行credit loss np. 信贷丢掉。和前面的 loan loss 相同意思book v. make an official note of 记载 熟词僻义：名词做动词，但本句中转译为“陈述”the cop booked me and took me down to the station. 差人记了我的名字然后把我带到了差人局。
【para.4】
why the moodswing? to predict losses, most banks enter economic forecasts into models. the prospects for 2021 are hardlyrosy, but it seems at least that economies are no longer in free fall. employment rose in america in may. factories in asia have reopened. the lifting of lockdowns in the west has not yet caused a second wave of infections. uncertainty forced banks to behyper-prudentin april. now theworst-casescenario seemsoff the cards.
为啥（银行的）心境会不坚决？为了猜测信贷丢掉，大大都银行会将经济猜测数据输入分析模型。2021 年的前景并不旷达，但至少看起来经济不再处于安适落体状况。五月份美国的作业率上升了。亚洲的工厂现已从头倒闭。西方清除关闭当前还没有引发第二波感染。4 月份的时分，不断定性迫使银行在过度稳重，但如今最坏的情况如同现已不存在了。
swing n. a noticeable change in opinions or emotions〔定见或心境的〕显着改动: [+ to / towards / between etc ]a big swing towards right-wing ideology 向右翼知道形状的大改动。she suffers from mood swings .她常有显着的心境不坚决。本句省掉了 is。整句是 why is the mood swing?rosy a. seeming to offer hope of success or happiness 充溢成功期望的，夸姣的a company that sees a rosy future for itself 认为事务前景一片光亮的公司hyper- 前缀 more than usual, especially too much 过火（的），过度（的）hypersensitive (=too sensitive)过度活络的prudent a. sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks 正确稳重的，稳重的，审慎的worst-case
a. (of a projected development) characterized by the worst of the possible foreseeable circumstances 作最坏方案的; 为最坏情况的; 为最晦气条件的in the worst-case scenario, coastal resorts and communities face disaster.在最坏的情况下, 海边休化名胜和当地居民将面临灾害。off the cards not likely to happen, occur, or take place.不可以能会发生。反义词：on the cards
【para.5】
relief may bepremature, though. central-bank and government action has bought borrowers time. chea state-backed loans are keeping firms and householdsafloat. no one knows how many borrowers will find themselves overburdened with debt when normal payment terms resume later in the year. that is especially true of consumer borrowers, up to a fifth of whom have asked forpayment holidays.
不过，完全放松可以还为时过早。央行和政府的行为为告贷人赢得了时刻。贱卖的国家协助告贷让公司和家庭得以生计下去。但当本年晚些时分，恢复正常偿还条件时，有多少告贷人会发现自个债款担负过重？无人晓得答案。关于花费告贷人来说特别如此，多达五分之一的告贷人需求暂缓还款。
premature a. done too early or too soon〔干事〕过早的，过快的; 匆促的，草率的; 不老到的any talk of a deal is premature.如今谈论协议还为时过早。afloat a. if a person, business, or country stays afloat or is kept afloat, they have just enough money to pay their debts and continue operating. (人、公司、国家等) 仅够还账坚持下去的（afloat 基原意思就是漂浮着的，延申到商业，就是指公司坚持漂浮在水面上，也就是只是没淹死，只是坚持不关闭）many small businesses are struggling to stay/keep afloat.许多小公司惨白坚持运营。payment holiday n. a period when payments do not need to be made, especially when repaying a debt or a mortgage 暂缓还款
【para.6】
if unemployment persists and companiesgo bust, as many economists expect, many more loans willsour. roberto frazzitta of bain, a consultancy, predicts that 2021 will see a surge ofnon-performing loansas big as that in the financial crisis, if not bigger. this will becompoundedby accounting: as customers’ balance-sheets worsen, the probability of default will rise, and regulators will demand that this be reflected in loss provisions, even if loans are still performing. some losses will eventually beabsorbedby government guarantees. but the european banking association still expects losses to eat up to 3.8 percentage points of european banks’ core tier-one capital ratio (the average buffer for banks in the region is 14.8%).
假定和许多经济学家所估计的那样，赋闲持续走高，公司破产，更多的告贷将会变成坏账（即变成不良告贷）。贝恩征询公司的罗伯托·弗雷泽塔猜测，2021 年不良告贷将会激增，其规划即便不比金融危机时更大，也差不多。会计核算将使情况更糟糕: 跟着客户资产负债表变糟糕，其违约概率将上升，监管者即将求银行在其丢掉预备金中体现这一点，即便该笔告贷仍在还款中。一些丢掉究竟会被政府担保金所消化。但欧洲银作业协会仍估计亏本将使欧洲银行中心一级本钱率削减 3.8 个百分点(欧洲银行的均匀防护缓冲本钱率为 14.8%)。
go bust vp. a business that goes bust cannot continue operating 生意失利，破产，关闭the discovery of oil ushered in an era of employment and prosperity.石油的发现创始了一个作业和昌盛的新年代。sour v. make or become unpleasant, bad, or difficult 使）变得不开心; （使）变坏; （使）变得困难as time went by, their marriage soured.跟着韶光的消逝，他们的婚姻联络恶化了。non-performing loan np. a loan that is in default or close to being in default.不良告贷，不履约告贷compound v. to make a bad action worse by doing more bad things 加剧，恶化absorb v. 转义是不良告贷被政府保证金所吸收，也就是用政府保证金来偿还不良告贷，政府兜底。因而翻译为“被政府担保金所消化”。【para.7】
higher provisions could have three consequences, on both sides of the atlantic. it may lead investors to question banks’ ability to pay dividends (europe’s have suspended them, but america’s still dole them out). it may prompt banks to refine their standard loss-prediction models by using morealternativedata, says ian shipley of oliver wyman, a consultancy. and it may lead to calls for weaker lenders to consolidate, in order to improve theirresilience. that would be a hard pill to swallow, but could prove a handy cure.
对大西洋两岸（即美欧两边）来说，更高的告贷丢掉预备金可以有三个成果。这可以会致使出资者质疑银行付出股息的才能(欧洲银行现已暂停发放股息，但美国银行仍在发放股息)。征询公司奥利弗·怀曼(oliver wyman)的伊恩·希普利(ian shipley)标明，这可以会促进银行经过运用更多非常规数据来使其标准丢掉猜测模型更精确。这也可以会致使（有人会）呼吁实力较弱的银行进行联系，以前进它们的（风险）应对才能。那将是一颗难以下咽的药丸（即银行联系比照难施行），但可以被证明是一种便利的处置办法。
alternative a. of or relating to behaviour that is considere unconventional and is typically seen as a challenge to traditional norms 行为独具匠心的（尤指对传统原则构成应战的不从风俗行为）, 特别的，非常规的resilience n. the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event 恢复力，恢复力; 习力量；抵挡力people showed remarkable resilience during the war.战争时刻我们体现得特别刚烈。
文章条理分析
引出论题：
我们对疫情构成的经济损害猜测情绪不一样（para. 1）↓
预判方针之一（银行的告贷丢掉预备金）6 月份较好（para. 2）↓
与之前（4 月）比较，是个显着改变（para. 3）↓
银行预判情绪变旷达的缘由（para. 4）↓
但还不能完全放松（para. 5）↓
许多告贷有可以将变成坏账，致使预备金前进（para. 6）↓
告贷丢掉预备金增高可以有三个成果（para. 7）
02
原文精读分析
why bank bosses aresoundingmore optimistic about expected loan losses
为啥银行老板如同对预期告贷丢掉更旷达
【para.1】
gauginghow badly the coronavirus has damaged the economy is tricky. pessimistsdiagnosea far worse recession than that which followed the financial crisis. optimists predict a sharp recovery, pointing torobustbanks and housing markets.
衡量冠状病毒对经济的损害有多严峻，是件扎手的作业。绝望主义者断定这将是一场严峻的经济衰退，比金融危机致使的那次经济衰交还要严峻。而旷达者则根据体现微弱的银行和房地产商场，猜测经济将会快速复苏。
sound v. if something or someone sounds good, bad, strange etc, that is how they seem to you when you hear about them or read about them 听起来，看起来，如同这句话没有依照正常的疑问句语序，标题中常常会这样。可以了解成作者给读者提出疑问：do you know why bank bosses are sounding more optimistic about expected loan losses?gauge v. to judge how people feel about something or what they are likely to do 断定，判别〔我们的情感或意图〕: [+ whether / what / how etc ]it is difficult to gauge what the other party's next move will be.很难断定对方下一步要做啥。diagnose v. identify the nature of the medical condition or the problem 断定为/确诊为 the doctor diagnosed the illness as pneumonia.医生确诊此病为肺炎。本句规划 ：pessimists 主 diagnose 谓 a far worse recession 宾语 than that (比照状语，=than the recession) （which followed the financial crisis）定从，润饰 that.robust a. a robust system, organization etc is strong and not likely to have problems〔体系、组织等〕健壮的，安靖的the formerly robust economy has begun to weaken.正本微弱的经济初步衰退。 本句中的 pointing to…是如今分词做伴随，意思是旷达主义者猜测的时分指出了/说到了体现微弱的银行和房地产商场，也就说，旷达者是根据体现微弱的银行和房地产商场而做出猜测的。
【para.2】
one way to form a view is to look at banks’loan-lossprovisions—the buffers they set aside to cover losses from loans they reckon might soondefault. by that standard it seems as if the patient is recovering much faster than first thought possible. on june 9th james gorman, who runs morgan stanley, america’s sixth-largest bank, hinted that its loan-loss charges for the second quarter would be lower than in the first, because “the worst is behind us”. gordon smith, co-president of jpmorgan chase, the largest bank, said that delinquencyrates were “meaningfullybetter” than expected. even some of europe’s bankers seem less gloomy.
做出判另外一种办法就是查看银行的告贷丢掉预备金——银行为加添他们认为可以很快会违约的告贷丢掉而预留的缓冲资金。依照这个标准，如同患者（即遭受疫情重创的经济）恢复得比开始愿望的要快得多。6 月 9 日，掌管美国第六大银行摩根士丹利的詹姆斯·戈尔曼暗示其第二季度的告贷丢掉费用将低于第一季度，因为“最坏的现已曩昔”。最大的银行摩根大通的联合总裁戈登·史密斯说，债款拖欠率比预期的“显着非常好”。甚至一些欧洲银行家如同也不那么绝望。
loan-loss provision np. 告贷丢掉预备金，即预留的用于唐塞告贷客户违约致使坏账的金钱default v. to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time 违约，拖欠delinquency n. a failure to pay an outstanding debt by the due date.拖欠债款meaningfully adv. having a recognizable function in a logical language or other sign system.〔逻辑上〕有意义的， 〔计算学上〕有显着意义的
【para.3】
that is astarkchange from just a few weeks ago. in mid-april, as they reported their first-quarter results, america’s top fourlendersunveiled $24.1bn in provisions for credit losses, a jump of $18.7bn compared with the first quarter of 2021. jpmorgan increased its provision by nearly $6.9bn, hitting in one quarter the level it had reached in six during the financial crisis. europe’s lenders alsobookedbad news.
与几周前比较，这是一个显着的改变。4 月中旬，在陈述第一季度成果时，美国四大银行发布了 241 亿美元的信贷丢掉预备金，比 2021 年第一季度添加了 187 亿美元。摩根大通将其预备金添加了近 69 亿美元，在一个季度内抵达了金融危机时刻的 6 个季度的水平。欧洲的银行也陈述了坏消息。
stark a. unpleasantly clear and impossible to avoid明摆着的 the extreme poverty of the local people is in stark contrast to the wealth of the tourists.当地居民的极度贫穷和游客的殷实构成了显着的比照。lender n. a person or organization that lends money to people on condition that they pay it back 放款人，贷方，银行credit loss np. 信贷丢掉。和前面的 loan loss 相同意思book v. make an official note of 记载 熟词僻义：名词做动词，但本句中转译为“陈述”the cop booked me and took me down to the station. 差人记了我的名字然后把我带到了差人局。
【para.4】
why the moodswing? to predict losses, most banks enter economic forecasts into models. the prospects for 2021 are hardlyrosy, but it seems at least that economies are no longer in free fall. employment rose in america in may. factories in asia have reopened. the lifting of lockdowns in the west has not yet caused a second wave of infections. uncertainty forced banks to behyper-prudentin april. now theworst-casescenario seemsoff the cards.
为啥（银行的）心境会不坚决？为了猜测信贷丢掉，大大都银行会将经济猜测数据输入分析模型。2021 年的前景并不旷达，但至少看起来经济不再处于安适落体状况。五月份美国的作业率上升了。亚洲的工厂现已从头倒闭。西方清除关闭当前还没有引发第二波感染。4 月份的时分，不断定性迫使银行在过度稳重，但如今最坏的情况如同现已不存在了。
swing n. a noticeable change in opinions or emotions〔定见或心境的〕显着改动: [+ to / towards / between etc ]a big swing towards right-wing ideology 向右翼知道形状的大改动。she suffers from mood swings .她常有显着的心境不坚决。本句省掉了 is。整句是 why is the mood swing?rosy a. seeming to offer hope of success or happiness 充溢成功期望的，夸姣的a company that sees a rosy future for itself 认为事务前景一片光亮的公司hyper- 前缀 more than usual, especially too much 过火（的），过度（的）hypersensitive (=too sensitive)过度活络的prudent a. sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks 正确稳重的，稳重的，审慎的worst-case
a. (of a projected development) characterized by the worst of the possible foreseeable circumstances 作最坏方案的; 为最坏情况的; 为最晦气条件的in the worst-case scenario, coastal resorts and communities face disaster.在最坏的情况下, 海边休化名胜和当地居民将面临灾害。off the cards not likely to happen, occur, or take place.不可以能会发生。反义词：on the cards
【para.5】
relief may bepremature, though. central-bank and government action has bought borrowers time. chea state-backed loans are keeping firms and householdsafloat. no one knows how many borrowers will find themselves overburdened with debt when normal payment terms resume later in the year. that is especially true of consumer borrowers, up to a fifth of whom have asked forpayment holidays.
不过，完全放松可以还为时过早。央行和政府的行为为告贷人赢得了时刻。贱卖的国家协助告贷让公司和家庭得以生计下去。但当本年晚些时分，恢复正常偿还条件时，有多少告贷人会发现自个债款担负过重？无人晓得答案。关于花费告贷人来说特别如此，多达五分之一的告贷人需求暂缓还款。
premature a. done too early or too soon〔干事〕过早的，过快的; 匆促的，草率的; 不老到的any talk of a deal is premature.如今谈论协议还为时过早。afloat a. if a person, business, or country stays afloat or is kept afloat, they have just enough money to pay their debts and continue operating. (人、公司、国家等) 仅够还账坚持下去的（afloat 基原意思就是漂浮着的，延申到商业，就是指公司坚持漂浮在水面上，也就是只是没淹死，只是坚持不关闭）many small businesses are struggling to stay/keep afloat.许多小公司惨白坚持运营。payment holiday n. a period when payments do not need to be made, especially when repaying a debt or a mortgage 暂缓还款
【para.6】
if unemployment persists and companiesgo bust, as many economists expect, many more loans willsour. roberto frazzitta of bain, a consultancy, predicts that 2021 will see a surge ofnon-performing loansas big as that in the financial crisis, if not bigger. this will becompoundedby accounting: as customers’ balance-sheets worsen, the probability of default will rise, and regulators will demand that this be reflected in loss provisions, even if loans are still performing. some losses will eventually beabsorbedby government guarantees. but the european banking association still expects losses to eat up to 3.8 percentage points of european banks’ core tier-one capital ratio (the average buffer for banks in the region is 14.8%).
假定和许多经济学家所估计的那样，赋闲持续走高，公司破产，更多的告贷将会变成坏账（即变成不良告贷）。贝恩征询公司的罗伯托·弗雷泽塔猜测，2021 年不良告贷将会激增，其规划即便不比金融危机时更大，也差不多。会计核算将使情况更糟糕: 跟着客户资产负债表变糟糕，其违约概率将上升，监管者即将求银行在其丢掉预备金中体现这一点，即便该笔告贷仍在还款中。一些丢掉究竟会被政府担保金所消化。但欧洲银作业协会仍估计亏本将使欧洲银行中心一级本钱率削减 3.8 个百分点(欧洲银行的均匀防护缓冲本钱率为 14.8%)。
go bust vp. a business that goes bust cannot continue operating 生意失利，破产，关闭the discovery of oil ushered in an era of employment and prosperity.石油的发现创始了一个作业和昌盛的新年代。sour v. make or become unpleasant, bad, or difficult 使）变得不开心; （使）变坏; （使）变得困难as time went by, their marriage soured.跟着韶光的消逝，他们的婚姻联络恶化了。non-performing loan np. a loan that is in default or close to being in default.不良告贷，不履约告贷compound v. to make a bad action worse by doing more bad things 加剧，恶化absorb v. 转义是不良告贷被政府保证金所吸收，也就是用政府保证金来偿还不良告贷，政府兜底。因而翻译为“被政府担保金所消化”。【para.7】
higher provisions could have three consequences, on both sides of the atlantic. it may lead investors to question banks’ ability to pay dividends (europe’s have suspended them, but america’s still dole them out). it may prompt banks to refine their standard loss-prediction models by using morealternativedata, says ian shipley of oliver wyman, a consultancy. and it may lead to calls for weaker lenders to consolidate, in order to improve theirresilience. that would be a hard pill to swallow, but could prove a handy cure.
对大西洋两岸（即美欧两边）来说，更高的告贷丢掉预备金可以有三个成果。这可以会致使出资者质疑银行付出股息的才能(欧洲银行现已暂停发放股息，但美国银行仍在发放股息)。征询公司奥利弗·怀曼(oliver wyman)的伊恩·希普利(ian shipley)标明，这可以会促进银行经过运用更多非常规数据来使其标准丢掉猜测模型更精确。这也可以会致使（有人会）呼吁实力较弱的银行进行联系，以前进它们的（风险）应对才能。那将是一颗难以下咽的药丸（即银行联系比照难施行），但可以被证明是一种便利的处置办法。
alternative a. of or relating to behaviour that is considere unconventional and is typically seen as a challenge to traditional norms 行为独具匠心的（尤指对传统原则构成应战的不从风俗行为）, 特别的，非常规的resilience n. the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event 恢复力，恢复力; 习力量；抵挡力people showed remarkable resilience during the war.战争时刻我们体现得特别刚烈。
下一篇：返回列表