23考研外刊阅读《科学美国人》双语精读版训练--气候变化让很多...

??本文the front line of: the place or the area of activity where important, interesting, or difficult things are happening:

——大橙子留

上期翻译答案

Those foundersfought forspecial ownership rights that kept them in control of their companies — a change from the past, when entrepreneurs were often replaced by more experienced executives or pressured to sell.

他们争取到了特殊的所有权，以保持他们对公司的控制——这与过去企业家经常被更有经验的高管取代或被迫出售公司有很大区别。

1.fight for: to try hard to do or get something

《本期内容》

双语阅读

For millennia, many animals and plants have coped with occasional climate changes by moving into new areas. But humans’ relatively recent burning of fossil fuels is pushing global temperatures upward at an exceptionally rapid rate, placing many species on what a new book by science journalist Benjamin von Brackel notes has been called an “escalatorto extinction”—and raising the question of whether migration can save them this time.

几千年来，许多动物和植物通过迁移到新的地区来应对偶发性的气候变化。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

It is estimated that land-dwelling animals are now moving towardthe polesat a rate of an average of about 17 kilometers (more than 10 miles) per decade and that thefrontline of ocean dwellers is now doing so at a rate of 72 kilometers (45 miles) per decade. Some plant and animal species—such as the Edith’s checkerspot butterfly and the Scotspine—are shifting to higher, cooler elevations in the mountains as well. What happens when they all run out of places to flee the heat?

据估计，陆生动物现在正以平均每十年17公里(超过10英里)的速度向两极移动，而海洋中最活跃的一波动物正以每十年72公里(45英里)的速度做类似的迁移。一些动植物物种——如伊迪丝方格蝶和苏格兰松树——也在向更高、更凉爽的山区迁移。当它们没有地方躲避炎热时，会发生什么?

The species that are not able to move and to conquer new places, they have a high risk of becoming extinct—that’s it. Right now many species can move poleward. Inlatitudeslike Europe or North America, species are expanding, so they can have new ranges. But the problem is in the tropics. There you have tropical mountains, where we now see the first species becoming extinct because they are at some point at thesummit, so they can’t move anywhere. It’s a dead end.

那些无法移动和征服新地方的物种，它们面临着很高的灭绝风险——就是这样。现在有很多物种可以向两极移动。在欧洲或北美所在纬度的地区，物种正在扩张，所以它们可以有新的选择范围。但问题出在热带地区。例如热带山岭地区，我们现在可以看到的首批正在灭绝的物种，因为它们已经达到了山顶，所以无法再迁移到其他地方了。已经无路可走了。

Probably the people most affected by species shifts are Indigenous people, and that’s because they live close to nature, and many of them depend on specific animals or plants. Many of them have circled their whole culture around just one species—like the Inupiat in Alaska, who hunt bowhead whales. Bowhead whales now migrate much farther north. That’s a big problem for the Inupiat. Everything is changing, and they can’t easily adapt by choosing another species as their main species.

受物种迁移影响最大的可能是土著居民，因为他们生活的地方靠近大自然，而他们其中的很多人依靠特定动植物生存。他们中的许多人整个文化都围绕着一个物种——比如阿拉斯加的捕猎弓头鲸的因纽皮特人。弓头鲸现在向更北的地方迁徙。这对因纽皮特人来说是个大问题。一切都在变化，他们无法轻易地适应选择另一个物种作为他们的核心物种。

The thing that’s different today is us. First of all, we have occupied so many places on Earth—about half the surface of Earth—with agricultural land and cities. And we also crisscrossed the land with streets and canals. That makes it very hard for many species to move to respond to climate change.

如今发生变化的是我们人类自己。首先，我们已经占领了地球上的很多地方——地球表面约一半的面积——农业用地和城市。我们还用街道和运河纵横交错地占领着土地。这使得许多物种很难通过迁移的方式应对气候变化。

本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）

发布时间：2022/07/05

词汇积累

1. escalator

/????sk????le??t??/

n. 自动扶梯，电动扶梯

2. front

/fr??nt/

n. 前面; (战争的)前线，前方; 方面，领域; (非法或秘密活动的)掩护物，幌子; (大片冷暖空气相交形成的)锋

adj. 前面的，正面的; 起掩护作用的

v. 在……担任领唱; 主持(广播或电视节目); (建筑物，土地)面向

3.pine

/pa??n/

n. 松树; 松木;松(用于其他科针叶类树木名称中); 有松针香味

v. (因死亡、离别) 难过，悲伤; 苦苦思念; 渴望，苦苦盼望(尤指不太可能拥有的东西)

4. latitude

/??l??t????tju??d/

n. 纬度; 纬度地区; 选择的自由，回旋余地; (感光乳剂，相纸)曝光宽容度

5.summit

/??s??m??t/

n. (政府间的)首脑会议，峰会; 顶峰; (成就的)顶点，最高点; 最高阶层

adj. 最高级的，政府首脑的

v. 登上(顶峰)

词组搭配

1.the poles 两极

写作句总结

That makes it very hard for many species to move to respond to climate change.

结构: That makes it very hard for many species to respond to ….

这使得很多物种无法…

例句: That makes it very hard for many species to respond to the high temperature environments.

打卡作业

在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~

外刊君为同学们汇总了《考研数学高数思维导图》，戳码回复“高数”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码回复“高数”）

?? END ??

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