22考研外刊阅读《科学美国人》双语精读版训练-- 背单词的时候手舞...

??Such sweeping generalizationsthreaten tocondemn everyone who subscribes to conservative values, and that, in turn,risksfurther and more dangerous polarization.

这种以偏概全很可能会引发对所有信奉保守价值观的人的谴责，而这种不加分辨的谴责反过来可能会使两极分化现象更加严重，也更加危险。

1.sweeping generalization：a statement etc that is too general and that does not consider all the facts – used to show disapproval

2.subscribe：if you subscribe to an idea, you agree with it or support it

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当学习一门外语时，大多数人采用传统的方法:读、写、听和重复。但如果你在学习时也加上手势动作，可以更好地记住词汇。

双语阅读

Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning. This is the conclusion a research team reached after using magnetic pulses to deliberately disrupt these areas in language learners. “Our results provideneuroscientificevidence for why learning techniques that involve the body’s motor system should be used more often,” neuroscientist Brian Mathias, of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, said in a news release.

As Mathias and his colleagues describe in the Journal of Neuroscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as “lamube” for “camera,” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, the were simultaneously shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves.

正如马蒂亚斯和他的同事在《神经科学杂志》上所描述的那样，他们让22名讲德语的成年人在四天的时间内共学习90个人造单词(比如表示“相机”的“lamube”，表示“思想”的“atesi”)。当实验对象第一次听到这个新词汇时，向他们展示一段与单词意义相匹配的手势视频。当重复这个单词的时候，实验对象自己把这个手势再做一遍。

Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in a multiple-choice test. At the same time, they had anapparatusattached to their heads that sent weak magnetic pulses to theirprimary motor cortex—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these interfering signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures.

五个月后，研究人员以多选题的形式要求实验对象将所学词汇翻译成德语。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~当这些干扰信号活跃时，受试者发现很难回忆起配有手势的那些单词。

When the apparatus sent no interfering signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as “camera,” as well as abstract ones, such as “thought.”

当仪器没有发出干扰信号（但受试者仍认为仪器是激活状态）（排除心理因素干扰）时，他们发现记忆单词更容易了。研究人员得出结论，运动皮层有助于翻译通过手势学习到的词汇。这既适用于具体的词，如“相机”，也适用于抽象的词，如“思想”。

The effect did not occur when the test subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures when learning vocabulary. In contrast, children—unlike adults—seem to benefit from pictures as much as gesturesin the long run. The study indicates that the adult brain uses motor areas to remember foreign-language words. But it is not only the motor component itself that promotes learning.

当测试对象在学习词汇时只看到相对应的图片而没有手势时，没有出现相同的效果。相反，孩子们——与成年人不同——长期来看，似乎图片和手势获得的效果是一样的。研究表明，成年人的大脑使用运动区来记忆外语单词。但促进学习的不仅仅是运动区域。

本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）

发布时间：2021.11.12

词汇积累

1.apparatus

英 /????p??'re??t??s/美/????p??'r??t??s/

n. 运动器械, 器具, 仪器；机构, 组织；器官

2.cortex

英 /'k????teks/美/'k??rt??ks/

n. <解>(脑或其他器官的)皮层；植物的表皮

3.neuroscientific

n. 神经科学

词组搭配

1.primary motor cortex 初级运动皮层（是大脑中的一个区域，与其他大脑区域协同工作，协调全身的自主运动）

2.in the long run 长远；终究

写作句总结

This is the conclusion a research team reached after using magnetic pulses to deliberately disrupt these areas in language learners.

结构:This is the conclusion sb. reached after doing sth.

某人做完某时候后，得到了这样的结论

例句:Finding your passion is the most vital thing all along with your life. This is the conclusion the old reached after experiencing the ups and downs of life.

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