【考研英语】同源文详解257期欧盟碳边境税计划虽受争议但很必要(考研英语网课哪个平台比较好)
eu’ s carbon border tax plan is risky but needed
2020.01.29 financial times《金融时报》eu’ s carbon border tax plan is risky but needed（欧盟碳边境税计划虽有风险但很必要）。主题：尽管欧盟碳边境税计划面临重重阻碍，但仍有实施的必要。
脉络:
引出并介绍话题“欧盟碳边境税计划”（第一、二段）——分析计划的作用以及面临的阻碍（第三、四段）——预测计划的未来与反响（第五段）——总结全文，亮明观点（第六段）。
ii technically, the european commission is proposing a “carbon border adjustment mechanism” that would shield eu companies against cheaper imports from countries with weaker climate policies. it would not start until at least 2021 and could take the form of a levy on imported goods, based on average prices in the eu’s emissions trading system.
iii either way, the idea is conceptually attractive. first, it would stop what is known as “carbon leakage”, when climate action in one country pushes polluters to shift to another, and overall emissions stay much the same. in the process, it would reduce the risk of making domestic industries less competitive than rivals abroad. it also offers the distant but alluring prospect of the eu joining forces with likeminded nations to create “climate clubs” big enough to push laggards into faster emissions cuts. this seems a remote possibility when the us president is preparing to pull the world’s biggest economy out of the paris climate agreement. yet a number of democratic hopefuls are promising such measures ahead of november’s presidential election.
iv whatever the election outcome, the eu must overcome a series of hurdles for its own scheme, starting with administrative complexity. one of the biggest objections to carbon border measures is the difficulty of calculating the carbon content of, say, a car made of components from many countries, each with different climate and energy policies. the eu is sensibly looking at rolling out its system in stages, perhaps starting with simpler goods such as cement before extending it to other products. the scheme must also be compatible with world trade organization rules, meaning it cannot discriminate against any individual trading partner or favour domestically produced goods over imports.
v little of this will be easy, as brussels officials well know. experienced trade hands are right to wonder if the scheme will ever be implemented. the threat of action alone may stir reluctant nations into taking climate change more seriously. if it does go ahead, it is likely to worsen the eu’s trade frictions with the us, which has already expressed concern about the proposal. if washington deems that the scheme amounts to protectionism, “we will react”, said the us commerce secretary, wilbur ross. it is unlikely to be alone.
vi whatever scheme the eu comes up with, it will not be perfect. but as global emissions keep rising, it is increasingly difficult to argue against measures of this kind. critics should bear in mind there is an obvious way for countries to avoid the cost of a carbon border scheme: cut their own emissions faster. that might end the need for any such tax at all.
2.shield [?i?ld] v. 保护，防护
3.levy [?levi] n. 征收额
4.rival [?ra?vl] n. 竞争对手
5.alluring [??l??r??] a. 诱人的
6.prospect [?prɑ?spekt] n. 前景，展望
7.scheme [ski?m]n. （大规模）计划
8.roll out推出 (新产品或服务)
9.compatible [k?m?p?t?bl] a. 相容的，一致的
10.implement [k?m?p?t?bl] v. 使生效，执行
11.reluctant [r??l?kt?nt] a. 不情愿的
12.*bloc [bl?k] n. （政治利益一致的）国家集团
13.*laggard [?l?ɡ?d] n. 迟缓者，落后者
14.*hurdle [?h??dl] n. 障碍，困难
（标*
的超纲词汇）
[翻译]大多数国家都自称有一项严肃认真的计划来减少温室气体的排放。欧盟的确有一项，即万亿欧元“欧洲绿色协议”，旨在让欧盟27国到2050年全部实现碳中和。该协议包括一项迄今仍被认为太过笨拙、极富挑衅性、且在法律上太过棘手而没有任何一个国家会采取的措施：碳边境税。
[点评]引出全文讨论对象：欧盟碳边境税计划。
主要逻辑衔接：首两句构成“概说众例—聚焦个例”的逻辑，其中claim to have...与actually has...暗中形成对比，凸显欧盟对待减排的态度与多数国家不同：不限于口头承诺，而是认真落实到行动上。末句it includes...承前将焦点再度缩小，集中至“欧洲绿色协议”内的一项措施：碳边境税，其中too clumsy、provocative、legally troublesome均表明该措施备受争议。
核心关键词：carbon border tax
[翻译]严格来讲，欧盟委员会提议的是“碳边境调整机制”，将用以保护欧盟公司免受来自气候政策较弱国家的廉价进口产品的冲击。该机制至少要到2021年才会启动，并可能会采取“基于欧盟排放交易体系的平均价格”对进口商品征税的形式。
[点评]介绍碳边境税计划的具体内容。
主要逻辑衔接：首句technically...紧承上段末“碳边境税”展开详细介绍；would shield...against...、would not start until...和could take the form of...分别说明碳边境调整机制的目的、启用时间以及可能采取的形式（对进口商品征税，因此该机制也被称作碳边境税）。
核心关键词：carbon border adjustment mechanism
iii either way, the idea is conceptually attractive. first, it would stop what is known as “carbon leakage”, when climate action in one country pushes polluters to shift to another, and overall emissions stay much the same. in the process, it would reduce the risk of making domestic industries less competitive than rivals abroad. it also offers the distant but alluring prospect of the eu joining forces with likeminded nations to create “climate clubs” big enough to push laggards into faster emissions cuts. this seems a remote possibility when the us president is preparing to pull the world’ s biggest economy out of the paris climate agreement. yet a number of democratic hopefuls are promising such measures ahead of november’ s presidential election.
[翻译]不管怎样，从概念上来讲，碳边境税这一构想很具吸引力。首先，它将遏止众所周知的“碳泄露（即一个国家的气候行动迫使污染者转移至另一个国家，而总排放量几乎保持不变）”现象。与此同时，它将降低国内产业竞争力不及国外的风险。它还提供了一个虽遥远却诱人的前景：欧盟与志同道合的国家携手创建大型“气候俱乐部”以推动落后国家加快减排。而在美国总统正准备将世界最大经济体（即美国）撤出《巴黎气候协定》之际，这一前景似乎很渺茫。但好些民主党候选人在11月总统大选之前业已承诺采取这类举措。
[点评]说明实施碳边境税的好处和作用。
主要逻辑衔接：全段通过首句either way, the idea is...attractive、第二句first以及第四句also呈现“总述观点—分述论证”的结构。第二、三句为分述层次1：两句间借in the process实现并列衔接，表明“遏止碳泄露现象（使污染企业不再迁往他国）”就相当于“保住国内产业竞争力”，两个事件相并而行。第四至末句为分述层次2：此部分按照“描绘一幅前景—探讨其可能性”的逻辑行文；第五句连词when实则承主句“前景似乎很渺茫”引出原因、解释，主句seems传达轻微否定，暗示欧盟与他国合作推动全球减排这一前景并非那么遥远；第六句yet...引发弱转折，明示前述前景完全有实现的可能。
核心关键词：conceptually attractive
[翻译]无论大选结果如何，欧盟都必须为其计划克服一系列阻碍，首个阻碍就是行政复杂性问题。对碳边境税最大的反对意见之一是碳含量的计算存在难度，比如，很难计算一辆由来自许多国家的零部件组成的汽车的碳含量，（因为）每个国家都有不同的气候及能源政策。欧盟正考虑分阶段推出这一机制，或许先从水泥等较简单的产品开始，然后再扩展到其他产品，这一考虑很明智。（此外，）该计划还必须符合世界贸易组织的规则，亦即不能歧视任何一位贸易伙伴或者偏护国产商品而抵制进口产品。
[点评]指出碳边境税计划面临的阻碍。
主要逻辑衔接：全段通过首句the eu must overcome a series of hurdles...、第二句one of the biggest objections...、末句the scheme must also...呈现“总述—分述”的结构。第二、三句为分述层次1：两句间构成“存在难题（碳含量计算很难）—解决难题（逐步推行计划）”的逻辑。末句为分述层次2：指出碳边境税计划面临的合规难题，meaning后明确wto规定细则：必须保证贸易的公平性。
核心关键词：hurdles
[翻译]要做到这些并不容易，布鲁塞尔官员们很清楚这一点。经验丰富的业内人士有理由怀疑这一计划是否会实施。单是行动上的威胁或许就能鞭策不情愿（采取气候行动）的国家更加认真地应对气候变化。如果该计划真的得以推行，那么欧美贸易摩擦很可能会加剧，美国早已对该计划表示了担忧。如果华盛顿方面认为此项计划构成（贸易）保护主义，“那么我们会反击的”，美国商务部长威尔伯·罗斯如是说。美国不大可能会孤军奋战。
[点评]预测碳边境税计划的未来与反响。
主要逻辑衔接：预测碳边境税计划的未来与反响。本段借首句this概指上段阻碍实现段际衔接。首三句探讨碳边境税计划的未来：可能并不会实施，并予以解释：一方面，要克服计划实施过程中的阻碍相当难，另一方面，该计划即使不推行，也足以威胁行动落后的国家加快减排。后三句谈及美国等国家对碳边境税计划的反应：其中likely to worsen...trade frictions、already expressed concern...、will react均凸显美方的消极反应，与末句“不少国家将与美国站同一阵线”共同强调碳边境税计划的极高风险性。
核心关键词：little of this will be easy
[翻译]不管欧盟提出什么样的方案，都不可能十全十美。但是，随着全球（碳）排放量持续上升，我们越来越难对（碳边境税）这类措施提出异议。批评者们应当谨记，各国要想免缴碳边境税，一条显而易见的路是：加快减排步伐。如此一来，我们或许就再也无需任何此类税了。
[点评]总结全文，亮明作者观点：碳边境税计划虽有不足但有必要实施。
主要逻辑衔接：首两句以but转折衔接，先让步承认欧盟碳边境税计划无论如何都不可能做到完美，后转折强调实施该项计划的紧迫性与必要性。后两句以should bear in mind对碳边境税计划的反对者们提出建议：加快减排是各国避免受创的明显途径。
核心关键词：increasingly difficult to argue against measures of this kind
都是小编找更多资料的动力
下一篇：返回列表