2008考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ 2008考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Section EnglishDirections: Read followingtext。 Choose bestword(s) eachnumbered blank ANSWERSHEET (10points) somegroups peoplemay moreintelligent than others thosehypotheses speakits name。 GregoryCochran anyway。He scientistwho works independently anyinstitution。 He helped popularize somedi seases bacterialcause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when firstsuggested。 he,however, might tremble whathe do。Together anothertwo scientists, he paperwhich onegroup moreintelligent than hasbrought particularpeople originated from central Europe。
naturalselection。 groupgenerally do well IQtest, 12-15points above 10value havecontributed 11 culturallife elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13 alsosuffer more often than most people from nastygenetic diseases, 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ breastcancer。 facts,14 ave previously been thought unrelated。 formerhas been 15 social effects, strongtradition 16ucation。 17genetic isolation。 Dr。 Cochran suggests unusualhistory peoplehas 19 em uniqueevolutionary pressures haveresulted 20ate selected[B]prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased unique[B]particular[C] special[D] rare subsequently[B]presently[C] previously[D] lately Only[B]So[C] Even[D] Hence thought[B]sight[C] cost[D] risk advises[B]suggests[C] protests[D] objects progress[B]fact[C] need[D] question attaining[B]scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating 10。
[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total 11。[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately indefinitely[D]unaccountably 12。[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers 13。[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ 14。[A]moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile 15。[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried putdown 16。[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing 17。[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument 18。[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined 19。[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed 20。
[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuous Section II Reading Comprehension Part Directions:Read followingfour texts。 Answer questionsbelow each text Markyour answers ANSWERSHEET (40points) Text Whilestill catching-up somespheres modernlife, women appear wayahead leastone undesirable category。 “Women particularlysusceptible developingdepression anxietydisorders stresscompared men,”according Dr。Yehuda, chief psychiatrist NewYork’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital。 Studies bothanimals humanshave shown sexhormones somehow affect stressresponse, causing females under stress producemore 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ triggerchemicals than do males under sameconditions。
studies,when stressed-out female rats had femalereproductive organs) removed, chemicalresponses became equal males。Adding woman’sincreased dose stresschemicals, herincreased “opportunities” womendon’t cope haveso much more saysDr。 Yehuda。 toleratingstress may even greaterthan men’s,” she observes, they’redealing somany more things becomeworn out from morevisibly sooner。”Dr。 Yehuda notes another difference between repeatednature。 Men go combatstress。 Men moreacts randomphysical violence。 interpersonalviolence domesticsituations, unfortunately,parents otherfamily members, one-shotdeals。
comesfrom longerrelationships can quitedevastating。” Adeline Alvarez married gavebirth finishcollege。 collegedegree。 somuch frustration myescape, getahead dobetter。” Later, her marriage ended shebecame singlemother。 hardestthing takecare teenager,have job,pay rent,pay carpayment, pay考研集讪营,为考生服务2008考研英语，为学员引路！ livedfrom paycheck everyoneexperiences severechronic stresses Alvarez describes。 mostwomen today fewbreaks, strain。Alvarez’s experience demonstrates findingways diffusestress before threatensyour health yourability function。
21。Which trueaccording firsttwo paragraphs? biologicallymore vulnerable stillsuffering much stress caused moreexperienced than men womenshow different inclinations when faced stress。22。Dr。 Yehuda’s research suggests needextra doses handlestress。 havelimited capacity toleratingstress。 morecapable avoidingstress。 morestress。 23。According stresswomen confront tends frequent。考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ random。24。The sentence livedfrom paycheck paycheck。”(Line Alvarezcared about nothing makingmoney。 Alvarez’ssalary barely covered her household expenses。
Alvarezgot paychecks from different jobs。 Alvarezpaid practically everything check。25。Which followingwould besttitle WayOut? Stress:Gender Difference StressAnalysis: What Chemicals Say GenderInequality: Women Under Stress Text sostraightforward。 researchersworking together laboratorywould submit journaleditor would authors’names affiliationsfrom review。Depending commentsreceived, editorwould accept Copyrightrested journalpublisher, researchersseeking knowledge resultswould have journal。考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ pressurefrom funding agencies, who questioningwhy commercial publishers makingmoney from government-funded research restrictingaccess makingaccess scientificresults EconomicCo-operation Development(OECD) has just issued reportdescribing far-reachingconsequences JohnHoughton VictoriaUniversity GrahamVickery OECD,makes heavy reading publisherswho have, so far, made handsome profits。
goesfurther than whathas, until now, been keyelement scientificendeavor。 publicinvestment researchdepends, part,upon wide distribution readyaccess。 bigbusiness。 corescientific publishing market between$7 billion $11billion。 InternationalAssociation Scientific,Technical MedicalPublishers says morethan 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing publishmore than 1。2 million articles each year some16,000 journals。 nowchanging。 According OECDreport, some 75% scholarlyjournals nowonline。 Entirely new business models emerging;three main ones were identified report’sauthors。
so-calledbig deal, where institutional subscribers pay onlinejournal titles through site-licensing agreements。 open-accesspublishing, typically 考研集讪营,为考生服务2008考研英语2008考研英语，为学员引路！ hisemployer) published。Finally, open-accessarchives, where organizations internationallaboratories support institutional repositories。 Other models exist delayedopen-access, where journals allow only subscribers firstsix months, before making freelyavailable everyonewho wishes couldchange traditionalform peer-reviewprocess, papers。26。
In firstparagraph, authordiscusses backgroundinformation journalediting。 publicationroutine laboratoryreports。 journalpublishers。 traditionalprocess journalpublication。 27。Which OECDreport? criticizesgovernment-funded research。 effectivemeans upsetsprofit-making journal publishers。 benefitsscientific research considerably。 28。According text,online publication easieraccess scientificresults。 bringshuge profits scientificresearchers。 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ crucialrole scientificknowledge。 facilitatespublic investment scientificresearch。
29。With open-accesspublishing model, itspublication。 journalpublishing allowother online journals peer-reviewbefore submission。 30。Which followingbest summarizes mainidea newmode Authorswelcome newchannel renderedeasier onlineservice。 Text early1960s Wilt Chamberlain onlythree players NationalBasketball Association (NBA) listed overseven feet。 hehad played last season, however, he would have been one bodiesplaying major professional sports have changed dramatically over managershave been more than willing adjustteam uniforms growingnumbers bigger,longer frames。
sports,though, may unrecognizedreality: 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ Americanshave generally stopped growing。 Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people especiallythose born familieswho have lived manygenerations apparentlyreached early1960s。 aren’tlikely getany taller。 generalpopulation today, genetic,environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone wecan go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea WrightState University。 NBAplayers, heightappears resultfrom increasinglycommon practice recruitingplayers from all over world。
Growth, which rarely continues beyond 20,demands calories notably,protein feedexpanding tissues。 20thcentury, under-nutrition childhoodinfections got healthimproved, children adolescentshave, average,increased halfevery 20 years, patternknown seculartrend height。Yet according DiseaseControl Prevention,average height hasn’treally changed since 1960。 Genetically speaking, avoidingsubstantial height。 During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through birthcanal。 Moreover, even though humans have been upright years,our feet backcontinue bipedalposture cannoteasily withstand repeated strain imposed oversizelimbs。
somereal constraints geneticarchitecture individualorganism,” says anthropologist 考研集讪营,为考生服务2008考研英语，为学员引路！ WilliamLeonard NorthwesternUniversity。 Genetic maximums can change, don’texpect happensoon。 Claire Gordon,senior anthropologist ArmyResearch Center Natick,Mass。, ensures 90percent workstationsfit recruits without alteration。 She says unlikethose militaryuniforms has sometime。 youneed predicthuman height nearfuture equipment,Gordon says large,“you could use today’s data feelfairly confident。” 31。
Wilt Chamberlain NBAplayers。 NBAplayers comparedifferent generations NBAplayers。 famousNBA players。 32。Which followingplays keyrole bodygrowth according Geneticmodification。 Naturalenvironment。 Livingstandards。 Dailyexercise。 33。On which followingstatements would authormost probably 考研集讪营,为考生服务，为学员引路！ Non-Americansadd averageheight Humanheight uprightposture。 Largerbabies tend becometaller adulthood。34。We learn from lastparagraph nearfuture garmentindustry uniformsize。 militaryuniforms remainunchanged。 genetictesting selectingsportsmen。 existingdata humanheight applicable。35。The text intends tellus humanheight follows cyclicpattern。