考研英语二2011真题答案：2011考研英语二真题及答案(完整版).pdf 15页

2011 年考研英语 ( 二) 真题及参考答案2011 年硕士研究生入学考试英语 ( 二 ) 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text。 Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users ， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech。 But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 acrossthe Web。Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3？Last month ， HowardSchmidt ， thenation's cyber-czar ，offeredthe federal government a 4 to make the Weba saferplace-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key考研英语二2011真题答案，a fingerprint and a photo ID card考研英语二2011真题答案， all rolled 6 one。

The system might use asmart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer 。and would authenticate users at a range of online services。The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems。 User could 9 which system to join ， and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems。 The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government。Google and Microsoftare amongcompaniesthat already have these"singlesign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services。

12 。the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace ， with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community。Mr。 Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizationscan complete online transactionswith 14，trustingthe identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs"。Still ， the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists。 Some applaud the approach ； others are concerned。

It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality。The plan has also been greeted with 18 bysome computersecurity experts ， who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr。 Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 。They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves ， in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads。1． A。

swept B。skipped C。walked D。ridden2． A。for B。within C。while D。though3． A。careless B。lawless C。pointless D。helpless4 ． A。reason B。reminder C。compromise D。proposal5． A。information B。interference C。entertainment D。equivalent6． A。by B。into C。from D。over7． A。linked B。directed C。chained D。compared8． A。dismiss B。discover C。create D。improve9． A。recall B。suggest C。select D。realize10． A。relcased B。issued C。distributed D。delivered11． A。carry on B。linger on C。set in D。log in12． A。In vain B。In effect C。In return D。

In contrast13． A。trusted B。modernized c。thriving D。competing14． A。caution B。delight C。confidence D。patience15． A。on B。after C。beyond D。across16． A。divided B。disappointed C。protected D。united17． A。frequestly B。incidentally C。occasionally D。eventually18． A。skepticism B。relerance C。indifference D。enthusiasm19． A。manageable B。defendable C。vulnerable D。invisible20 ． A。invited B。appointed C。allowed D。forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections ：Read the following four texts。 Answer the questions after each text by choosing A， B ，C or D。

Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000： a year later she became presidentof Brown University。For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism。 But by the end of 2009 Ms。 Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee； how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？ By February the next year Ms。 Simmons had left the board。

The position was just taking up too much time考研英语二2011真题答案， she said。Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful， yet less biased， advisers on a firm's board。 Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere， they presumably have enough independenceto disagree with the chief executive'sproposals。 If the sky ， and the share price is falling ， outsidedirectors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises。The researchersfrom Ohio Universityused a database hat covered more than 10 ，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004。

Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next。 The most likely reason for departing a board was age， so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearancesby directors under the age of 70。 They fount that after a surprise departure ， the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%。 The likelihoodof being named in a federal class-actionlawsuit also increases ， and the stock is likely to perform worse。

The effect tended to be larger for larger firms。 Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive ， it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship。 Often they "trade up。" Leaving riskier， smaller firms for larger and more stable firms。But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks， even if a review of historyshows theywere on the board at the time any wrongdoingoccurred。

Firms who want to keep theiroutside directorsthrough tough times may have tocreateincentives。Otherwise outside directorswill follow the example of Ms。 Simmons， onceagain very popular on campus。21。 According to Paragraph 1，Ms。 Simmons was criticized for。[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22。 We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be。[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23。

According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director's surprise departure考研英语二2011真题答案， the firm is likely to。[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24。 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors。[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25。 The author's attitude toward the role of outside directors is。

[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？ A year ago the end seemed near。 The recessionthreatenedto remove theadvertisingand readers that had not already fled to the internet。 Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom。 America's Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers。 Should theybecomecharitablecorporations？ Shouldthe state subsidizethem ？ It will hold another meeting soon。 But the discussions now seem out of date。In much of the world there is the sign of crisis。 Germanand Brazilian